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The Arab Water Governance Programme for Arab States (WGP-AS) aims at enhancing water governance in the Arab region through the provision of technical and policy support, capacity building and seed funding in various water needs to fulfill the water MDGs and the WSSD goals.
More specifically, the WGP-AS goal is to improve the effective use and management of scarce water resources in Arab countries. It aims at supporting countries to achieve the MDG targets particularly with respect to improved water supply and sanitation. In addition, it is envisaged to act as a catalyst for effective water governance through the provision of technical and policy support, capacity building and seed funding for activities in the areas of 1) Integrated Water Resources Management; 2) Local management of water resources, water supply and sanitation; 3) Capacity building and institutional strengthening; and 4) MDG-7 water targets monitoring and State of the Water Report for the Arab Region. The programme addresses key cross-thematic areas, mainly adaptation to climate change; gender mainstreaming, transboundary water management and awareness.
The WGP-AS builds on the outcomes of at Preparatory Assistance phase which resulted in the mapping of needs and setting a momentum among the main actors in the region as well as networking and establishing partnerships with international and regional actors. With the WGP-AS, a thorough assessment of the needs in the signatory countries including Yemen is crucial in order to identify the support interventions that will take place. These terms of reference describes in detail the tasks of the consultant that will undertake the needs assessment.
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Under the supervision of the WGP-AS Management and in close coordination with the Country Office management and team, the consultant will be responsible for undertaking the following tasks and deliverables:
1.1 IWRM Gap Analysis & Strategic Entry Points Identification
Assess national IWRM plan development in addition to available policies, plans and mechanisms at national and local levels and evaluate the overall compliance with all known modules of an IWRM plan. The assessment shall address the following aspects:
- The role of the state in water resources development, management and use.
- The extent of integrating socio-economic and environmental aspects.
- Systems to reconciling water quantity and quality needs of all water uses and protection of ecosystem.
- Investments and policy change.
- The way in which roles of women in the provision, management and safeguarding of water are promoted and supported.
- Adequacy of water legislation and national & local institutional arrangements for implementing IWRM strategy.
- Mechanisms to achieve financial sustainability in water management systems
- Adequacy of monitoring and reporting systems
- Disclosure, dissemination and communication of information.
- Identify the previous/ongoing/ future initiatives in the field of national IWRM development and implementation including relevant political commitments.
- Assess the availability of basic information needed to interlink and interpret the social benefits, economic efficiency and environmental protection associated with water uses.
- Identify strategic entry points for UNDP intervention to enhance the development (if required) and implementation of IWRM in the country.
- Stakeholder’s involvement and horizontal coordination among relevant sectors including socio-economic development sectors.
- Community and grass root involvement in the management of water resources at the local level.
- Sustainability of the water user association and water groups
- Identify potential impacts of climate change on water resources management and contemplated plans of adaptation.
- Writing of a succinct review report (20-30 pages) summarizing the above.
1.2 Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) National Gap Analysis & Needs Assessments
Review national WSS status in the country, including but not limited to:
- Current/recent status and projected level of achievement towards 2015;
- Existence and status of national water supply and sanitation plans/strategies, policies and associated national capacities needed for implementation;
Identification of key gaps, needs, constraints, challenges and opportunities in national plans/strategies/capacities, including but not limited to:
- Strategic planning.
- Policy and legislation.
- Institutions and their roles.
- Stakeholders’ involvement with particular attention to private sector, NGOs, gender and local communities’ involvement.
- Financing (public and private), including cost recovery mechanisms.
- Extent and effectiveness of decentralization.
- Rural vs. Urban context and associated strategic approaches
- Coordination: within government, between donors, and between government and donors.
- Measures for the protection of water supplies.
- Potential impacts of wastewater reuse and water rationing on delivered drinking water quality.
- Degree of integration of WGP-AS mandate, UNDAF, CPAP, National Development Strategies and related national plans
- Political commitment to achieving water and sanitation MDGs.
- Evidence for poverty reduction and considering water as a human right.
- Identify the water loss (technical & administrative) of the major towns.
- Dialogue with governments and key in-country partners such as, GEF, DDC, SIWI, WSP, IUCN, UNICEF, JICA, BGR, GTZ, US-AID, ESCWA and NGOs; and
- Writing of a succinct review report (15-20 pages) summarizing the above.
1.3 Identification and initial preparation of National Support Processes
- In consultation with UNDP CO and WGP-AS Water Resources Specialist, initiate a consultation process with Government, UN Country Teams and other actors as appropriate towards identification and initial costing of appropriately targeted strategic Water Governance reform interventions within UNDP’s area(s) of comparative advantage; outline roles of the different actors in support of the national/regional implementation of WGP-AS plan/process and UNDP’s possible role to facilitate coordinated country support.
- Prepare draft logframes and budgets for proposed interventions
- Liaise with Cap-Net/ESCWA-AWARENET, German-INWENT, UN-Water Decade in Bonn-Germany, to identify synergies and ensure coordinated delivery of UNDP capacity building support where required.
Specific Scope of Work
1.4 Evaluation of Existing Water Management Plans
- Review and assess the extent of compliance of the developed “National Water Resources Strategy and Policy (NWRS), National Water Resources Authority, 1998” with the main modules of an IWRM plan. This may include, but not limited to, the extent of coordination and commitment the various ministries and stakeholders (in addition to the Ministry of Water and Irrigation), transboundary water resources management, securing water for people and food production, protecting vital ecosystems, water monitoring and exchange of information, addressing water governance and gender disparities.
- Review the studies performed by the UNDP NPIWRM project with emphasize on those related to the assessment of on-going sewerage project, preparation of by-laws and water rights structure, and enforcement of water legislation in addition to others.
- Utilize available tools for development and evaluation of IWRM plans (see section on available tools)
- Identify the required financial resources to develop and implement IWRM plans in the country.
- Assess the implementation progress of IWRM plans in the country
- Identify areas of UNDP intervention to strengthen the development and implementation of integrated water management planning in Yemen.
- Within the context of socio-economic dimension, assess the national needs for effective water allocation strategy
- Identify the on-going initiatives that integrate the environmental and gender aspects within the National Water Resources Strategy and Policy.
1.5 Review and Assessment of Existing Water Laws and Enforcement Capacity
- Assess the advancement in the existing efforts in the preparation and development of updated “Water Law, 2002” and the by-law in Yemen.
- Identify areas of UNDP intervention to promote compliance and strengthen the enforcement of the Water law ,andthe by-law
1.6 Assess national water supply and sanitation
- Estimate actual water and sanitation coverage in Yemen according to rational and agreed upon indicators.
- Assess the existing low-cost sanitation technologies and potential for spreading/improving.
- Assess the lessons learnt from involving private sector in water supply and sanitation. Accordingly, evaluate the potential implementation of such experience in the irrigation sector
- Assess the degree of success and future potential of water users association.
- Assess the potential of developing non-revenue water (reducing water loss in networks) as a mean of increasing water supplies. Estimate existing losses in the networks and areas of intervention.
- Assess the effectiveness of water conservation and public awareness programs in reducing water consumption.
- Assess the efficacy of current cost recovery schemes and other available economic instruments in reducing drinking water consumption and wastewater discharges.
1.7 Specific Capacity Building and Awareness Raising
- Assess the need to raise awareness on innovative water and wastewater management systems and advocating for simple, feasible and affordable technologies.
- Assess the need for building capacity for the joint management of shared water resources and enhancing negotiation skills to establish transboundary water resources dialogues.
- Assess the need for capacity building in IWRM plans development and implementation.
- Assess the need for training on water-use allocation including the socio-economics and environmental impacts.
1.8 Identification of on-going water initiatives
- Collect available information on the progress of the DDC project entitled “Decentralized Governance of Water Resources”. Identify the provided policy/technical support for decentralization efforts in the water and the establishment of the Water Basin Committee in Amran.
- Assess and evaluate the progress of the Climate Change adaptation on water sector.
- Assess the progress on water allocation priority policies, i.e. drinking, agriculture, industry,.. or others.
- Report the progress of any taken activities in the climate change impact on the water sector.
- Assess the progress, lessons learnt and potential cooperation with the IUCN project “REWARD”.
- Identify other donors initiatives including JICA, WB, GEF, SIWI GTZ, BGR, DED, CIM USAID, etc .among others and assess the potential of UNDP suitable intervention.
1.9 Additional Items
- Identify intervention mechanism(s) to facilitate the cooperation between the water resources planning carried by the Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MAI) that manages the irrigation sector.
- Identify intervention tools to strengthen and update the National Water Sector Strategy and Investment Program (NWSSIP) as a guiding document for improved donor harmonization and alignment with government priorities and policies.
- National Irrigation Programe which will be implemented in close collaboration with NWRA
RERERENCES AND TOOLS
The consultancy should utilize in-depth assessment and evaluation tools in the fields of IWRM, MDGs, WSS, and capacity building. The following references are suggested to assist the consultancy in this aspect:
- IWRM Tool Box as presented in Torkil J?nch-Clausen, “Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and Water Efficiency Plans by 2005” Why, What and How?
- National Water Resources Strategy and Policy (National Water Resources Authority, 1998)
- Water Law (Ministry of Legal Affairs, 2002) and the by-law
- National Water Sector Strategy and Investment Program, NWSSIP, (Ministry of Water and Environment, 2005)
- Ground Water Incentives Study
- Water Sector Support Program ( WSSP )
- National Awareness strategy
- Cabinet decrees related to water resources ( e,g regulate movement of drilling Rigs etc)
- Studies and publications from UNDP NPIWRM project in Yemen.
- GWP, Guidance in Preparing A National Integrated Water Resources Management and Efficiency Plan: Advancing the WSSD Plan of Implementation, 2004.
- UNDP/AWC Training Manual on Development of National IWRM plans, 2007.
- Water and Sanitation Needs Assessment Model, 2005
- UNDP Water & Sanitation Programme Identification Inception Report (UNDP WatSan)
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